Comparative Experience of the Effectiveness of Financing Small Enterprises

The article considers existing criteria of estimation of financing subjects of small business in Germany and Russia for raising its effectiveness for Russia. We analyzed main directions and mechanisms of state support in these countries. The conducted analysis demonstrated that effectiveness indices of the activity of small enterprises in FGR essentially exceed analogous indices of the activity of enterprises of EU countries. A contribution, brought by small enterprises in the development of economy of Germany is just inestimable. For functioning and financing the activity of small enterprises in FGR, there were accepted correspondent normative acts, for example, the Trade code, one of which main statements is the following: family enterprises are encouraged in Germany by giving them the free access at markets, and there are different limitations for big enterprises. The parity of competitive flows is observed by prohibiting small business purchase for big enterprises – in Germany small enterprises are distinctly divided in dependent and independent by strict statistical accounting of these companies. The author denoted base state structures, curating programs for supporting small enterprises in Germany comparing with infrastructures, engaged for supporting subjects of small and middle business, existing in Russia. Unfortunately, program arrangements for supporting subjects of small business in RF don't include special measures for supporting priority types of activity. The support is mainly directed on certain categories of citizens: unemployed, families with many children, youth and so on

Perbedaan Persepsi Konsumen Atas Faktor Penentu Tempat Belanja pada Indomaret dan Alfamart ( Studi Kasus pada Masyarakat Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan )

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan persepsi konsumen atas faktor penentu tempat belanja mengenai produk, lokasi, harga, Kenyamanan berbelanja, iklan, dan pelayanan karyawan yang terdapat di Indomaret dan Alfamart dan menganalisis beberapa macam faktor yang menjadi keunggulan Indomaret dan Alfamart untuk dapat bersaing dengan ritel- ritel lain yang terdapat di Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan. Jumlah sampel 200 responden, metode pengumpulan data melalui koesioner dan dokumentasi, variabel yang diteliti tentang persepsi konsumen atas faktor penentu tempat belanja mengenai produk, lokasi, harga, Kenyamanan berbelanja, iklan, dan pelayanan karyawan yang dimiliki oleh Indomaret dan Alfamart, metode analisis data dengan chisquare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan persepsi konsumen Indomaret dengan persepsi konsumen Alfamart pada indikator lokasi, kelengkapan produk yang ditawarkan, harga dan iklan. Perbedaan yang dimaksudkab di atas bahwa Indomaret lebih unggul di bandingkan dengan Alfamart. Sedangkan dari segi Kenyamanan berbelanja dan pelayanan yang diberikan mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan dalam arti Alfamart lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan Indomaret. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesa dengan Chi‐ Square ( χ2 ) diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara persepsi konsumen Indomaret dengan persepsi konsumen Alfamart. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai χ2 hitung ( χ2 = 28.4) > χ2 tabel (χ2 tabel = 11,07). Bagi pihak manajemen Indomaret sebaiknya menyempurnakan kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan Kenyamanan dalam berbelanja seperti kemudahan mobilitas konsumen saat berbelanja dan kualitas pelayanan. Sedangkan bagi pihak Alfamart sebaiknya mengevaluasi kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan produk, lokasi, harga dan iklan

Rat Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for LST1 Proteins

The LST1 gene is located in the human MHC class III region and encodes transmembrane and soluble isoforms that have been suggested to play a role in the regulation of the immune response and are associated with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Here we describe the generation and characterization of the first monoclonal antibodies against LST1. Two hybridoma lines secreting monoclonal antibodies designated 7E2 and 8D12 were established. The 7E2 antibody detects recombinant and endogenous LST1 by Western blot analysis while 8D12 reacts with recombinant and endogenous LST1 in immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry procedures. The newly established antibodies were used to survey LST1 protein expression in human cell lines, which was found to be tightly regulated, allowing the expression of transmembrane isoforms but suppressing soluble isoforms

Analyzing Project Management Maturity Level in Indonesia

Project management has been generally known and increasingly used by many organizations to gain competitive advantage. In this context, many studies have proposed maturity models to evaluate how project management knowledge has been deployed effectively and efficiently in organization. As a developing country, Indonesia needs many development projects managed by government and private companies in different industries. Here, a study to assess project management maturity level in Indonesian businesses may bring insight about current business practices, which is important to speed up country development and business sustainability.  Adapting the Project Management Maturity Model (ProMMM), a survey instrument has been developed and applied to professionals from Jakarta and surrounding area.  The result of analysis shows that construction and primary industry have a higher maturity level compare to manufacturing and services.  It is to be noted, however, that the level of project management understanding is low across industries.  This indicates that more quality project management training or certification is required to improve overall project management knowledge in Indonesia

Handlung und Wissenschaft. Die Epistemologie der praktischen Wissenschaften im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert. Action and Science. The Epistemology of the Practical Sciences in the 13th and 14th Centuries. [Reseña]

Reseña de: Matthias Lutz-Bachma nn – Alexander Fidora (Hgg.), Handlung und Wissenschaft. Die Epistemologie der praktischen Wissenschaften im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert. Action and Science. The Epistemology of the Practical Sciences in the 13th and 14th Centuries, Akademie-Verlag («Wissenskultur und gesellschaftlicher Wandel», 29), Berlin 2008, 176 pp

Die Not-Wendigkeit der Gerechtigkeit. Eine Interpretation zu «Cur Deus homo » von Anselm von Canterbury (Reseña)

Reseña del libro de Georg PLASGER, Die Not-Wendigkeit der Gerechtigkeit. Eine Interpretation zu «Cur Deus homo » von Anselm von Canterbury, Aschendorff («Beiträge zur Geschichte und Philosophie des Mittelalters. Neue Folge», Band 38), Münster 1993, XX + 178 pp

El deseo de entender la verdad en la Summa contra Gentiles de Santo Tomás de Aquino. [Reseña]

Reseña de: Guillermo José Cambiasso, El deseo de entender la verdad en la Summa contra Gentiles de Santo Tomás de Aquino, Educa, Buenos Aires 2007, 447 pp

Legal Aid Scheme in Indonesia: Between the Policy and the Implementation

In the legal policy level, the government of Indonesia has already had the policies to assist the justice seekers who are financially weak to have an access to justice through court. There are two research problems in this matter. First, does the policy on the legal assistance as stipulated in Law Number 16 of 2011 work optimally for the justice seekers who are financially weak? Second, how is the implementation of the policy on the legal assistance in the practices? The normative research was conducted to answer those two questions, through document data such as Law No.48 of 2009 on The Principles of Justice Power, Law No. 8 of 2003 on Advocate, and Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Assistance, and the implementation of those regulations in the practices in several places. The conclusion obtained from the research is: First, it is not yet optimum since the policy especially in terms of budget allocation of the legal assistance is still low. The professional lawyers tend to avoid their obligation to free give legal assistance to the poor. Second, in practice, the legal assistance is not yet enjoyed by the poor justice seekers. The economic and good will are the influencing factors